Luxor - Valley of the Kings

Horus the Falcon god
Today, we visited the site of the ancient kings tombs, namely Ramses IV (4th), Septur and Ramses I. No photographs were allowed into the tombs as the flashes were deemed as damaging to the interior of these rooms which had many ancient paintings and carvings.

The rationale of the latter kings or pharoahs to 'hide' their tombs which contained many treasures such as gold,silver and plenty of coins was to prevent or make it very difficult for tomb raiders to locate the tombs once the funeral of the king was over. The pharoahs went to great lengths so much as to blindfold the workers or slaves who dug the tombs when they were transported to the tombs so that no one, except only the high officials knew the exact location of these tombs which were rich with the finest products of ancient Egypt.


Entrace to Valley of the Kings

So, for the early dynasty kings or pharoahs, who built huge pyramids, like Sneferu,Khufu and Khufre. Those proved to be too easy for the tomb robbers as these tombs stood out like a sore thumb. The later pharoahs, like Ramses I - IX all decided to build underground complexes for their burial chambers and chose this valley, now calle the Valley of the Kings. In total there are 18 royal pharoahs buried here and 44 high officials tombs.

Luxor - Hatshepsut's Temple

The only female Pharoah (ruler) of Egypt in ancient times.

On the second day, we visited the Temple of Hatshepsut, who was the ONLY female ruler of Egypt in ancient times. She was the daughter of Thutmosis I, sister and wife of Thutmosis II and stepmother of Thutmosis III. Although she ruled for 18 years, she was hated by her stepson Thutmosis III so much so that many of the carvings of her in other temples were etched away so as not to show her face.



The temple with thousands of tourists even early in the morning

This temple is really a maginficent sight from afar as the building structure is cut INTO a mountain,with the rock face forming the inner chambers as well as the supporting columns. This tourist site was the location of a tragic terrorist attack in 1999 when Islamic terrorists attacked this same temple and killed 61 people, 55 tourists and 6 Egyptians. The act left the Egyptian people so enraged that they went on a manhunt, taking the law i their own hands and finding and bludgeoning the terrorists to death. Fortunately, the attack is but a memory and the site is still a very popular place to visit for tourists, BUT, there is strong police presence in all the tourist attractions in Egypt nowadays.

3,000 views ; Wow thank you !

When I first started writing this blog on 1st May 2008, my objective was to pen my thoughts about certain aspects about my life and experiences. I have persisted in keeping the blog as easy to read as possible so to provide a diary of sorts of myself and the people around me.Yes, there were certain criticisms of establishments and also about the standard of service in Singapore and around the region but mainly it is meant as a platform to update my friends and acquaintences about what I have been up to and my work,hobbies,travels and interests.

Now 1 and a half years later, its still around and I want to say 'THANK YOU' to everyone who has bothered to view the blog, write comments and say their piece.

Lets continue to Seize the Day !!

8th December - Luxor

The Nile at sunset

The first day at Luxor when we arrived in Egypt was a packed day for the entire tour group, packed because we were to visit 2 sites in Luxor, the early capital of Egypt.
Originally called Thebes, it is packed with many temples of which we visited the 2 of the most well known, Karnak Temple and the Temple of Luxor.As earlier mentioned in my other post, Egypt had 31 dynasties spanning 3000 years BC and they were mostly Egyptian pharoahs or kings who ruled Egypt. There was 1 female pharoah, Hatshepsut and 1 pharoah who died very young, Tutankhamun. The most famous was Ramses II who ruled for 67 years too.


Me and Ramses II

Luxor temple has a very grand entrance facing east and it is fronted by a huge pylon and 2 seated statues of Ramses II. The ability of the Egyptians to acertain the direction East by using the stars as a guide, to a very high accuracy is amazing.In addition, the pylons,columns and statues are easily 60 - 80 feet high and how did the Egyptians manage to build such huge structures when they had no scaffolding ? The normally piled blocks of stone easily weighing 1 ton one on top of the other to reach the perfect height. How did they hoist up the columns and aboelisks ? They improvised by boring at the base of the stone using highly accurate tools and going deeper and deeper to establish some lever. At the top of the obelisk or column, they tied ropes and with teams of hundreds maybe thousands of labourers and slaves, hoisted up the columns with great difficulty.


Huge columns at Luxor temple, the maginificence of these temples even today are still evident

To live in those times as an ordinary person must have been quite terrible as living conditions and working areas were marshalled by many team leaders or chief wardens. Life was probably very cheap in those days and haundreds of thousands would have died from the hard labour after toiling in the desert sun for years even decades. The historians are still debating on whether the labourers were forced conscripts,slaves or paid contract workers.


Obelisk at Luxor Temple, a very similar one was given to France and is at the Place du la Concorder in Paris.

The rulers had all the titles and fanciful names and must have prepared for their deaths ever since they arose to become pharoah, this was evident as the great pyramid must have taken maybe 20 - 25 years to build, and the average lifespan of an Egyptian person in those days was probably 40+ to 50+. The desert climate means that it is hot and dry in the summer June - August and cool and dry in the winter months of Nov. - February.


Statue of Ramses II with one of his daughters at his feet ; Size : 20m (66 feet)

As we checked in on our cruise ship at the end ofthe first day, we were all dog-tired from the 2 visits and ready to rest. I, on the other hand, decided to go for a 5 km run in Luxor just for the experience and it was a run well worth remembering.

I started just outside the cruise ship and ran for almost 30 minutes along the Nile all the way past the Luuxor temple and the Winter Palace and almost to the center of town. Luxor is a smallish city of about 2 million,spread over a wide area. The biggest first impression I got from the first day at the run was that Egyptian people were friendly but could not be trusted, as they had this sense of deviousness in their eyes. It was an interesting start to my tour of Egypt.

Egypt Dec 8th - Luxor I

Karnak Temple Layout, showing the 10 pylons (High Walls)

This is my first blog post of this month, as I was travelling for almost 10 days to Egypt, a country which is an economic backwater now or poor country but was the seat of a glorious civilisation about 4000 to 5000 years ago. This world has few countries with recorded histories as magnificent and well documented as Egypt's. Together with Greece, they can be regarded as the cradles of human civilsation. Our first stop after flying almost 10 hours with a transit of 2 1/2 hours in Doha,Qatar, was to Luxor,in the central part of Egypt. Luxor, with a population of about 2 million was once the capital of Egypt (Tawy in ancient Egyptian or 2 lands) and it was originally called Thebes.

Upon arrival, we met with our local guide Eshyam, who was to be our tour guide to our group of 26 (25 plus 1 tour leader) for the next 8 days.Our group was a mixed bunch of 3 families of diffrent aged youths, several teachers male and female, and some active senior citizens. There was even an able bodied visually handicapped lady who was a frequent traveller with her sister on this tour. It was the 3rd tour they were taking to a foreign country this year !



View from afar to the first Entrance showing the first Pylon (High Wall)

Our first stop was Karnak Temple, which is located on the eastern bank of the river Nile. The Nile is longest river in Africa, and Egypt is a Transnational country which occupies one half of its land in Africa (neighbours to west are Libya and south are Sudan) and the other half in Middle East or part of Asia (neighbours are Israel, Palestine and Jordan). Egypt has a population of 80 million of which 20 + million live in a dusty and chaotic capital called Cairo. The rest of the population live along the banks of the Nile, forming towns and cities from the north (Alexandria) to the middle (Luxor, Edfu, Esna and Kon Ombo) to the south (Aswan).The makeup of the people are mainly Egyptian,Turkish and Nubian (black African) with Asian and European minorities. Religion is also dominant, with Islam being the main religion, and Coptic (Egyptian) Christians being a sizeable (13%) minority. The religions were a result of Egypt being ruled by Greek,Romans,Persians (Iraq today),Byzantine and Ottoman (Turkish) since 300 years BC. It is only in the 20th century in 1952 that Egypt became a republic and Gamal Abdel Nasser was the first President. The last king Farouk was exiled in France as a result of the revolution.

Golden Period
From 3100 BC when Mene (or Mena) first fought and controlled the 2 lands North and South till about 300 BC, the Egyptians were their own rulers with Pharoahs (kings) overseeing this land. Its is said that the Pharoahs were obsessed with death,as for many decades, even from the day he ascended to the throne onwards, many many Egyptian slaves and contract laboureres were building burial tombs like the pyramids of Giza and Saqqara with all kinds of carvings and precious artefacts stored inside. Hundreds of thousands maybe millions of Egyptians were put to hard labour to build these massive structures which to this day still amaze people from all over the world. Each pyramid was exactly 52 deg in slope and the tallest, or Great Pyramid was built by the king Cheops or Khufu during the 3rd Kingdom or 2300 BC time frame.


Avenue of Sphinxes at the entrance to Karnak Temple in Luxor

The most famous ruler was Ramses II and he lived an extraordinary 86 years ; during those days the ordinary Egyptian lived about 40 to maximum 50 years and he lived 2x that (!). In addition, he ruled for 67 years so had the greatest opportunity to build massive temples and structures of himself and of the gods they worshipped, namely Amun Ra or the Sun god. In Luxor, we had the good opportunity to see how massive these statues were. Karnak temple was our first stop and it was dominated by 10 pylons or high walls with plenty of reliefs (carvings) of the great pharoah fighting against Egypt's enemies. The carvings are easliy 20 feet above the ground and are normally about 20 feet high. So 4500 years ago, without any scaffolding or wooden ladders (not invented yet), how did they get so high up ? By pushing and building blocks of bricks together and creating a high structure near the wall to a) build the pylon and b) carve the reliefs. Quite an amazing feat considering that most of Europe (America was just a grassland then) were occupied by cavemen or nomadic hunter gatherers.

Karnak temple has 10 pylons and the first pylon faces due east, so that the morning sun is reborn and shines its light energy at the temple at exactly 90 deg perpendicular to the pylon. The temple was a result of many pharoahs building pylons and hypostyles (columns) reaching for the skies. There were obelisks (stone structures with pointed ends) to represent the sun's rays and hieroglyphics.


One of the many sphinxes lining the Avenue of Sphinxes, Ram's head with Lion's Body

On the leadup to the temple, there are easily 60 sphixes, mythical beings of ram's heads with lion's body lining the entrance to give a feeling of grandeur. One can imagine what majestic ambience it must have been during the pharoahs time as the king would lead the procession from the Nile (maybe for his bath !) back to the temple.

In those days, the pharoah elevated his status to that of a god, as people were superstitious and the pharoad needed to keep everything 'under control' or in order. So the Amun god (a lesser god) was elevated to Amun Ra and the Pharoah was then seen taking the mantle of the crown from Amun Ra. Additionally, as there was no TV, radio, Internet, wireless communication or cellphones, it made sense to make images of the pharoah (occupier of the great house - literal translation) in stone to impress the ordinary people.


Majestic Entrance showing the First Pylon (Entrance) and 2 huge Ramses statues

The pharoah Ramses II also was shown in carvings on the walls as figting wars against Egypt's enemies. One such was was agains the Hittites (Syrians today) and Ramses claimed a great victory against the Hittites, winning the battle and single handedly killing many enemies. How do we know this ? They had no paper but they had the wall carvings and paintings of recorded events showing Ramses II shooting the bow and arrow on a chariot at an enemy as well as another showing him standing over one enemy's neck and raising his spear against another enemy. They had spin doctors even in those days !!


The Inner Courtyard with Egyptians and Statues of Ramses II

Egypt had 31 dynasties divided into 3 Kingdoms Old, Middle and New and Ramses lived in the New Kingdom period or 19th dynasty. Many of his statues show him with a smiling face, standing ramrod straight, right arm carrying something which looks like a scroll, indicating he was a learned man.Also, many of the statues showed him walking with the left leg forward as if marching. He was indeed an extraordinary man of those times.

Parents Joint Birthday Celebrations 28th Nov 2009

My parents with my wife May and Joanna (domestic help)

Today was the joint birthday celebration of my Dad and Mum's birthday as it was the weekend. My Dad turned 90 on Monday 23rd November, and my Mum turns 79 on 30th November. I celebrated my birthday on the 27th (yesterday) with a separate dinner.

My brother John and I arranged to meet at the Li Bai Cantonese restaurant at Sheraton Towers together with our families and our parents. My father who is a retired lawyer was keen to eat the Peking Duck from Li Bai. Our Boys, Noel and Andrew have come to regard the family gatherings as one of great communion between our families and also to update one another about their school activities and grades.

Anna Abisheganaden (79) with her Grandchildren, Hannah (5), Noel (15) and Andrew (12)

My Mum is still as energetic as when she was 50, and I am hoping I can inherit her industriousness and never-say-die attitude towards life and its challenges. My Dad, though he is wheelchair bound, still reads the Bible every day and prays for his Grandchildren every night without fail. They are indeed an inspiration to me and our Boys. Many years ago, Dad was one of the top criminal lawyers in Singapore assisting the first Chief Minister, David Marshall in many cases and being the Godfather to Mr. Marshall's only son Jonathon.

Geoffrey Abisheganaden at 90

My mother was the Personal Assistant to 4 Permanent Secretaries, a record till today, and her last boss was Dr. Kwa Soon Bee. Ever energetic with swimming, badminton, running and even martial arts in her earlier days, she is still active now going to the wet market and cooling dinners for us on occasion. Truly I am blessed to have them as parents.

Photovoltaic Seminar 17th November 2009

Kannan, Fred Schweitzer and I

17th November was the 2nd National Photovoltaic Conference held at Putrajaya Malaysia. Attended by over 1200 professionals and businesspeople, it was very heartening to see many people from all the different sectors of industry showing great interest in this promising young field. As one of the renewable and green sources of energy, Solar Energy has been around in simpler forms such as the energy used for heating water and even some basic form of street lighting.


A segment of the 1,200 attendees

The downside is the conversion or efficiency ratio from the Solar energy to first Direct Current. Currently it is still no more than 18% of total energy received by the solar panels (lots of energy go to waste) and then storing it in a battery before passing through an alternator to convert it to AC current. So it is still a rather tedious process even with the advancement of the technology. However, countries in the EU like Germany and Spain have offered a lot of Government grants for farmers to convert from their conventional diary farming to this energy farming. So they get grants from the Government, followed by ease of selling off the excess electricity back to the Electrical Grid which makes PV or Photovoltaic Energy so attractive.


Intense interest in Photovoltaics and their applications

The situation is the same in S.E.Asia as both the Malaysian and Singapore Governments have been active pushing the Green Agenda and it is hoped that I can make some business foray into this area in the near future.